No, there exist many 4G LTE networks both in the UK and internationally, including those already operated by UK Broadband in Swindon, Reading and London.
At the beginning of 2015 BDUK ran technical tests of the proposed network in Chiseldon. Those demonstrated that the network reaches the headline speeds and meets Swindon's requirement to provide 90% of those speeds during busy hours. The contract is based on the outcome which means that UK Broadband will invest its own money before accessing the BDUK grant. Swindon Borough Council also agreed milestones that UK Broadband needs to meet before they get the funding.
Although Swindon network was specifically designed to provide a fast data, it uses the same technology as any other 4G mobile network. Safety of mobile networks is looked after by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) whose standards are adopted worldwide including the UK and UK Broadband.
On top of that the UK Government takes advice from the Independent Advisory Group on Non-Ionising Radiation that has concluded there is no risk to adults or children from networks operated under suggested guidelines that UK Broadband follows.
New masts and street monopoles will require planning permission and go through the Council's usual planning processes. Existing infrastructure, such as decommissioned mobile phone sites, will be used where appropriate.
Installation of outdoor units on privately owned buildings doesn't usually require a planning permission. There are however exceptional circumstances such as installation of the equipment on a listed building that would need to get the appropriate permission.
Guidance is available on both the Planning Portal and planning section of the Swindon Borough Council website.
Residents in rented accommodation will need to get landlord's consent prior to requesting installation of an outdoor unit.